Foundations and Trends® in Electronic Design Automation > Vol 2 > Issue 2

FPGA Architecture: Survey and Challenges

By Ian Kuon, The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada, ikuon@eecg.utoronto.ca | Russell Tessier, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, USA, tessier@ecs.umass.edu | Jonathan Rose, The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada, jayar@eecg.utoronto.ca

 
Suggested Citation
Ian Kuon, Russell Tessier and Jonathan Rose (2008), "FPGA Architecture: Survey and Challenges", Foundations and TrendsĀ® in Electronic Design Automation: Vol. 2: No. 2, pp 135-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1000000005

Publication Date: 18 Apr 2008
© 2008 I. Kuon, R. Tessier and J. Rose
 
Subjects
System level design
 

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In this article:
1 Introduction 
2 Early History of Programmable Logic 
3 Programming Technologies 
4 Logic Block Architecture 
5 Routing Architecture 
6 Input/Output Architecture and Capabilities 
7 Improving FPGAs 
8 Emerging Challenges and Architectures 
References 

Abstract

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become one of the key digital circuit implementation media over the last decade. A crucial part of their creation lies in their architecture, which governs the nature of their programmable logic functionality and their programmable interconnect. FPGA architecture has a dramatic effect on the quality of the final device's speed performance, area efficiency, and power consumption. This survey reviews the historical development of programmable logic devices, the fundamental programming technologies that the programmability is built on, and then describes the basic understandings gleaned from research on architectures. We include a survey of the key elements of modern commercial FPGA architecture, and look toward future trends in the field.

DOI:10.1561/1000000005
ISBN: 978-1-60198-126-4
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ISBN: 978-1-60198-127-1
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Table of contents:
1: Introduction
2: Early History of Programmable Logic
3: Programming Technologies
4: Logic Block Architecture
5: Routing Architecture
6: Input/Output Architecture and Capabilities
7: Improving FPGAs
8: Emerging Challenges and Architectures
References

FPGA Architecture

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become one of the key digital circuit implementation media over the last decade. A crucial part of their creation lies in their architecture, which governs the nature of their programmable logic functionality and their programmable interconnect. FPGA architecture has a dramatic effect on the quality of the final device's speed performance, area efficiency and power consumption. FPGA Architecture: Survey and Challenges reviews the historical development of programmable logic devices, the fundamental programming technologies that the programmability is built on, and then describes the basic understandings gleaned from research on architectures. FPGA Architecture: Survey and Challenges starts with a brief overview of programmable logic to provide a context for the subsequent sections which review the history of programmable logic, and the underlying programming technologies. The following sections define the terminology of FPGA architecture, and then describe foundations and trends of logic block architecture and routing architecture including a discussion of power management techniques and related circuit design issues. A brief overview of the input/output structures and architectural questions in FPGAs is then presented followed by an explicit comparison between FPGAs and competing ASIC standard cell technology. It concludes with a review of some of the design challenges facing FPGAs and a look at emerging architectures for FPGAs. FPGA Architecture: Survey and Challenges is an invaluable reference for engineers and computer scientists. It is also an excellent primer for senior or graduate-level students in electrical engineering or computer science.

 
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