Abstract

Critical infrastructures across different sectors are being strongly affected by the introduction of the IoT paradigm, CPS systems, intelligent digitally-empowered devices, Big Data analytics, AI and machine learning. Alongside an array of benefits, this transformational path also poses not only additional risks to their operation and security, but also legal and ethical challenges and concerns for developers, practitioners, participants and policymakers, rangin from data protection and privacy preservation, to Dataveillance, social cooling and dictatorship of data, to Data ownership and access aspects, to Safety, responsibility and liability, Algorithmic bias and other.