Foundations and Trends® in Information Retrieval > Vol 19 > Issue 1-2

Mathematical Information Retrieval: Search and Question Answering

By Richard Zanibbi, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA, rxzvcs@rit.edu | Behrooz Mansouri, University of Southern Maine, USA, behrooz.mansouri@maine.edu | Anurag Agarwal, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA, axasma@rit.edu

 
Suggested Citation
Richard Zanibbi, Behrooz Mansouri and Anurag Agarwal (2025), "Mathematical Information Retrieval: Search and Question Answering", Foundations and TrendsĀ® in Information Retrieval: Vol. 19: No. 1-2, pp 1-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1500000095

Publication Date: 28 Jan 2025
© 2025 R. Zanibbi
 
Subjects
Question Answering,  Information retrieval,  Evaluation,  User interfaces,  Learning and statistical methods,  Image and video retrieval,  Statistical/Machine learning
 

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In this article:
Preface
1. Sources and Information Tasks
2. Annotating and Indexing Sources
3. Math Retrieval Tasks and Evaluation Metrics
4. Formula Search
5. Math-Aware Search
6. Math Question Answering
7. Final Thoughts and Research Opportunities
Acknowledgements
Appendices
References

Abstract

Mathematical information is essential for technical work, but its creation, interpretation, and search are challenging. To help address these challenges, researchers have developed multimodal search engines and mathematical question answering systems. This monograph begins with a simple framework characterizing the information tasks that people and systems perform as we work to answer math-related questions. The framework is used to organize and relate the other core topics of the monograph, including interactions between people and systems, representing math formulas in sources, and evaluation. We close by addressing some key questions and presenting directions for future work. This monograph is intended for students, instructors, and researchers interested in systems that help us find and use mathematical information.

DOI:10.1561/1500000095
ISBN: 978-1-63828-502-1
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Table of contents:
Preface
1. Sources and Information Tasks
2. Annotating and Indexing Sources
3. Math Retrieval Tasks and Evaluation Metrics
4. Formula Search
5. Math-Aware Search
6. Math Question Answering
7. Final Thoughts and Research Opportunities
Acknowledgements
Appendices
References

Mathematical Information Retrieval: Search and Question Answering

Mathematical information is essential for technical work, but its creation, interpretation, and search are challenging. To help address these challenges, researchers have developed multimodal search engines and mathematical question answering systems. This monograph begins with a simple framework characterizing the information tasks that people and systems perform as we work to answer math-related questions. The framework is used to organize and relate the other core topics of the monograph, including interactions between people and systems, representing math formulas in sources, and evaluation. The monograph closes by addressing some key questions and presenting directions for future work.

This monograph is intended for students, instructors, and researchers interested in systems that help us find and use mathematical information.

 
INR-095