Foundations and Trends® in Networking > Vol 14 > Issue 1-2

Machine Learning for Spectrum Sharing: A Survey

By Francisco R. V. Guimarães, IFCE, Brazil, rafael.vasconcelos@ifce.edu.br | José Mairton B. da Silva Jr., Uppsala University, Sweden, mairton.barros@it.uu.se | Charles Casimiro Cavalcante, UFC, Brazil, charles@ufc.br | Gabor Fodor, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden and Ericsson Research, Sweden, gabor.fodor@ericsson.com | Mats Bengtsson, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, matben@kth.se | Carlo Fischione, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, carlofi@kth.se

 
Suggested Citation
Francisco R. V. Guimarães, José Mairton B. da Silva Jr., Charles Casimiro Cavalcante, Gabor Fodor, Mats Bengtsson and Carlo Fischione (2024), "Machine Learning for Spectrum Sharing: A Survey", Foundations and Trends® in Networking: Vol. 14: No. 1-2, pp 1-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1300000073

Publication Date: 06 Nov 2024
© 2024 F. R. V. Guimarães et al.
 
Subjects
Communication system design,  Wireless communications,  Deep learning,  Reinforcement learning,  Classification and prediction
 
Keywords
Spectrum sharing
 

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In this article:
1. Introduction
2. Preliminary Introduction to Machine Learning
3. Spectrum Sensing
4. Spectrum Allocation
5. Spectrum Access
6. Further Aspects on Spectrum Sharing
7. Challenges and Future Research
8. Conclusions
References

Abstract

The 5th generation (5G) of wireless systems is being deployed with the aim to provide many sets of wireless communication services, such as low data rates for a massive amount of devices, broadband, low latency, and industrial wireless access. Such an aim is even more complex in the next generation wireless systems (6G) where wireless connectivity is expected to serve any connected intelligent unit, such as software robots and humans interacting in the metaverse, autonomous vehicles, drones, trains, or smart sensors monitoring cities, buildings, and the environment. Because of the wireless devices will be orders of magnitude denser than in 5G cellular systems, and because of their complex quality of service requirements, the access to the wireless spectrum will have to be appropriately shared to avoid congestion, poor quality of service, or unsatisfactory communication delays. Spectrum sharing methods have been the objective of intense study through model-based approaches, such as optimization or game theories. However, these methods may fail when facing the complexity of the communication environments in 5G, 6G, and beyond. Recently, there has been significant interest in the application and development of data-driven methods, namely machine learning methods, to handle the complex operation of spectrum sharing. In this survey, we provide a complete overview of the state-of-theart of machine learning for spectrum sharing. First, we map the most prominent methods that we encounter in spectrum sharing. Then, we show how these machine learning methods are applied to the numerous dimensions and sub-problems of spectrum sharing, such as spectrum sensing, spectrum allocation, spectrum access, and spectrum handoff. We also highlight several open questions and future trends.

DOI:10.1561/1300000073
ISBN: 978-1-63828-430-7
172 pp. $99.00
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ISBN: 978-1-63828-431-4
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Table of contents:
1. Introduction
2. Preliminary Introduction to Machine Learning
3. Spectrum Sensing
4. Spectrum Allocation
5. Spectrum Access
6. Further Aspects on Spectrum Sharing
7. Challenges and Future Research
8. Conclusions
References

Machine Learning for Spectrum Sharing: A Survey

The 5th generation (5G) of wireless systems is being deployed with the aim to provide many sets of wireless communication services, such as low data rates for a massive amount of devices, broadband, low latency, and industrial wireless access. Such an aim is even more complex in the next generation wireless systems (6G) where wireless connectivity is expected to serve any connected intelligent unit, such as software robots and humans interacting in the metaverse, autonomous vehicles, drones, trains, or smart sensors monitoring cities, buildings, and the environment. As the wireless devices will be orders of magnitude denser than in 5G cellular systems, and due to the complex quality of service requirements, the access to the wireless spectrum will have to be appropriately shared to avoid congestion, poor quality of service, or unsatisfactory communication delays. Spectrum sharing methods have been the objective of intense study through model-based approaches, such as optimization or game theories. However, these methods may fail when facing the complexity of the communication environments in 5G, 6G, and beyond.

Recently, there has been significant interest in the application and development of data-driven methods, namely machine learning methods, to handle the complex operation of spectrum sharing. In this monograph, a complete overview of the state-of-the-art of machine learning for spectrum sharing is provided. First, the authors map the most prominent methods that are encountered in spectrum sharing. Then, it is shown how these machine learning methods are applied to the numerous dimensions and sub-problems of spectrum sharing, such as spectrum sensing, spectrum allocation, spectrum access, and spectrum handoff. Finally, several open questions and future trends are highlighted.

 
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